The demands for intelligent rail networks, such as high-speed railways, subways, commuter trains and light rail are at a record high due to rapid urbanization. However, the railway environment is notoriously characterized by a harsh and tough working environment, where constant shock, vibration, dust, temperature and humidity variations, along with electrical disturbances are common and inevitable. These environmental factors pose foreseeable challenges to network operators which include the following:

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In recent years, thanks to the rapid development of networking devices, high performance and high-definition IP cameras are installed in every corner in metropolitan areas with ease and simplicity. By analyzing real-time or recorded video images received, the government can fight against violence or any sort of terrorist attacks in a more efficient and effective way with less cost and manpower supports. However, when it comes to highway surveillance implementation, the situation becomes more complex. Unlike surveillance implementation in urban areas, highway runs across many cities. Thus, frequent policeman patrolling is not realistic since it needs more manpower supports and is not efficient enough when an emergent event occurs. Before setting up a successful highway surveillance implementation, there are several challenging factors we need to take into account.

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In a city or town, intersections are usually the busiest places where minor or severe road accidents occur frequently. To tackle this issue, city governments are increasingly installing various monitoring systems at intersections so as to effectively reduce traffic accidents and at the same time to strengthen road safety. Intersection monitoring systems including the use of PoE IP surveillance cameras, traffic flow sensors and traffic controllers, are able to record traffic images, count the number of passing cars and record car speed or to be reviewed for accident footage. However, these end devices are incapable of Ethernet transmissions. Therefore, they need to be used with PoE-supported Ethernet Switches so that a secure intersection monitoring solution can be built up. When choosing the right intersection monitoring devices, there are several challenges that need to be considered.

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In many countries, people rely heavily on trains or high-speed trains to travel between cities or countries. Owing to high usage rate of train system, some countries are updating train infrastructure to electrification system so as to deliver efficient, faster and environmentally-friendly rail services to passengers. Besides, the network system is also updated from non-IP based to IP-based allowing greater integration and operation flexibility.

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Along with the rapid development of technology, factory plants have been transformed to ones that are equipped with automotive production system so that equipment efficiency can be greatly enhanced and operational costs can be reduced to minimum. The critical role that leads to this change is the prevalent use of Ethernet-based networks in connecting isolated networks across the plant to communicate each other without difficulties and enabling decision-makers to launch product plans faster than before.

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Recently, manual highway toll collection system has been replaced by electronic or automatic one thanks to the rapid development of various technologies. Compared with the manual highway toll collection system, electronic highway toll collection system allows road users to keep driving without stopping when entering the toll lane. Therefore, the total travelling time can be shortened and air pollution can be decreased. Moreover, the decrease of human intervention at the toll lane can also reduce human error and increase efficiency when collecting tolls.

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